The 5 Types of Writing Styles with Examples
Learn about the major writing styles: narrative, descriptive, persuasive, expository, and creative, and read examples of each.
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Becoming a stronger writer, for work or for fun, isn’t as simple as just sitting down and putting words to paper. There are actually different types of writing that serve different purposes, and understanding the goal you’re trying to achieve—and the technique that will best serve it—will make your work stronger.
Read on to learn more about the five types of writing styles, when you should use each one, and how to improve your skills no matter which of the different types of writing you want to do.
The 5 Types of Writing Styles and Why You Should Master Each
1. narrative writing.
Narrative writing is storytelling at its most basic: it’s all about sharing something that happens to a character. It can be an epic tale or a small anecdote; it can span years of time or a few minutes; it can be fact or fiction.
Narrative writing uses many of the most common elements of storytelling , such as plot, character, setting, conflict, emotion, and a core message you’re trying to get across. There are also tried-and-true story archetypes or narrative structures you can use to shape your narrative writing, such as coming of age, rags to riches, or the hero’s journey.
While narrative writing can take a lot of forms, one thing is always true: You should be taking the reader on a journey with a beginning, middle, and end. Even if you’re just telling the story of a funny incident that happened to you yesterday, your character should start somewhere, run into some sort of conflict or interesting experience, and then ultimately reach a resolution.
When to Use Narrative Writing
Narrative writing is most commonly used in fiction and creative writing, but it can also be used in nonfiction to help make true stories more compelling to your reader. Whatever you’re writing, the narrative style is worth mastering because people tend to connect best with stories. For instance, you might use narrative writing in:
- Novels and short stories
- Creative essays
- Feature stories
- Presentations or speeches
Examples of Narrative Writing
Pick up any of your favorite novels and you’re sure to find narrative writing, but here are some great examples on the web, all of which are recommended reading by writer Noah Milligan in his Skillshare class on writing short stories :
- “ Disobedience ” by Noah Milligan
- “ Wounding Radius ” by Constance Squires
- “ You Are Going to Be a Good Man ” by George McCormick
2. Descriptive Writing
Descriptive writing involves capturing every detail of the place, person, or scene you’re writing about. The goal is to really immerse the reader in the experience, making them feel like they are there.
When trying to achieve a descriptive writing style, think of it as painting a picture with your words. What can you say to help the reader truly envision the subject in their mind’s eye? This usually involves crafting vivid descriptions using all five senses: sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste. But it could also involve use of simile and metaphor to evoke a mood or feeling that’s too hard to capture with physical descriptors. This can help elevate your writing from a simple description to something that connects with others on a deeper level.
According to Skillshare teacher Kathy Fish , descriptive writing is about more than just making your story pretty. “Great description accomplishes four things. It immerses the reader and gives them a ‘felt experience.’ It also establishes, enhances, or changes the tone of the story. It can compel the reader forward into the story, especially if you include something that’s surprising or unexpected into your description. It can give the reader a sense of the internal state of your character.”
When to Use Descriptive Writing
Descriptive writing is most often in creative writing and can be used along with narrative writing to build scene and setting. It can occasionally be seen used in more formal writing to help explain an idea more deeply or get the reader to emotionally connect with the story you’re telling. Some examples of where you might use descriptive writing include:
- Poems or song lyrics
- Fiction , such as novels or short stories
- Copywriting, such as when describing a product or travel destination
- Narrative nonfiction, such as memoirs
Examples of Descriptive Writing
To see descriptive writing in action, check out some of this recommended reading from Kathy Fish’s Skillshare class on how to write descriptively :
- “ Syndication ” by Allegra Hyde
- “ The Sea Urchin ” by Marci Calabretta Cancio-Bello
- “ Summer Scalping; Scarecrows ” by Len Kuntz, Storyglossia
3. Persuasive Writing
Persuasive writing is all about getting your point across. The goal is to share your opinion in a thoughtful way—or, even better, to actually convince the reader of a viewpoint or idea. Whether you have a strong stance on an issue or need to inspire people to take action towards a cause, persuasive writing is the way to do it.
Of course, you can’t expect to simply state your viewpoint and have everyone convinced—you need to effectively back it up to bring the reader over to your side. There several main types of evidence in writing you can use when trying to persuade, including:
- Statistical evidence, such as hard facts or studies
- Anecdotal evidence, such as personal experiences or interviews
- Testimonial evidence, such as quotes from experts in the subject
- Textual evidence, such as passages from books or primary sources
Whatever evidence you use, it’s often best to keep emotions at bay in persuasive writing. While sharing a bit of your personal story can help build a compelling argument, too much emotion could cloud your key points and turn the reader off. Instead, try and think from the reader’s point of view and ask yourself: What are the most important things I could say to help convince them?
When to Use Persuasive Writing
Persuasive writing is often found in nonfiction and is almost never used in fiction. It’s particularly worth mastering if you do any kind of business writing—even just drafting emails to your colleagues!—since clearly convincing people of your ideas or point of view can be so valuable at work. You’ll also see persuasive writing used in:
- Speeches or presentations
- Copywriting for conversion
- Sales writing
- Cover letters
- Letters of recommendation
Example of Persuasive Writing
For some examples of persuasive writing, check out this suggested reading from author Sara Eckel’s class on writing persuasive essays :
- “ Smart, Educated and Skilled—But Stuck at Home ” by Kavita Krishnan
- “ Why I Love Political Canvassing ” by Sara Eckel
- “ Many of the Soldiers Securing Our Border Are Immigrants Who Are Proud to Defend the U.S. ” by Adebayo Adeleke
4. Expository Writing
Expository writing exists to explain a subject or inform about a particular topic area. The goal is simply to teach the reader something.
Expository writing should aim to answer any questions a reader might have about a subject: think about the classic who, what, why, when, how questions. You want to lay everything out clearly, avoiding any jargon or overly technical language that may confuse people. Try to approach expository writing from a beginner’s mindset to make your piece as useful as possible.
Most importantly, keep your emotions and opinions about a subject out of it. Unlike persuasive writing, expository writing shouldn’t have an angle or agenda—just the facts.
When to Use Expository Writing
Learning how to write in this style is valuable if you ever need to teach through writing, even if that’s just training your colleague on a particular process. While historically expository writing was mostly considered an academic style, you can now see it all over the web, with content marketing blogs and how-to articles teaching readers how to master all manner of skills. For instance, you’ll see expository writing in:
- How-to or “explainer” articles
- Help center articles, FAQ pages, or other copy explaining how something works
- Technical or business writing
- Training materials
Examples of Expository Writing
This blog post is a classic example of expository writing—it’s here to share the facts and teach you something! Beyond that, here are a few more places to find expository writing:
- Google “how to do” anything and read the articles that come up.
- Vox “explainer” articles
5. Creative Writing
As with any artistic medium, the rules are really only there to be broken—and creative writing is any writing that exists outside of the styles above, or even combines the styles in surprising new ways. The goal of creative writing is really to find new ways to tell stories that can surprise and delight readers.
When it comes to creative writing, you can let yourself literally rewrite the rules of what great writing can be. You could try a new format or structure that you haven’t seen before. You could bring other languages or multimedia elements into your work. Let yourself have fun with it!
When to Use Creative Writing
The purpose of creative writing is really for you to experiment with your craft! Here are some ideas of where you might see creative writing:
- Humor writing or satire
- Flash fiction
- Creative nonfiction
- Data journalism
Examples of Creative Writing
If you’re looking for inspiration for your own creative writing, here are a few places to explore the unique ways other writers are pushing the boundaries:
- The Pudding
- The New York Times multimedia stories
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A Guide to the 5 Different Types of Writing Styles You Should Know
We see writing wherever we go, but is all writing the same? Of course not. There are different types of writing styles for different situations, and knowing how and where to best use them is an important step in becoming a better writer.
But what are the most common types of writing, and how are they different from each other? In this article, we’ll go through different types of writing, how they’re used, and why writers use one writing style over another. We’ll also go through different types of literature examples to give you some ideas on how to put together your next writing masterpiece, whether you’re learning how to write a short story or your first speech.
Poetry vs. prose
When it comes to writing, one big dividing line is poetry and prose. Poetry is a type of writing that expresses ideas through the sounds and rhythms of words. Poems are divided into verses and, sometimes, groups of verses called stanzas.
What is poetry?
Early poetry was quite formulaic. That meant that poets needed to follow very clear rules about how a poem should look and read. Epic poetry, narrative poetry, limericks, and haikus are examples of poetic forms that follow strict rules. And if you’ve ever read a sonnet by Shakespeare, you know that learning to write sonnet poetry is its own special skill.
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Modern poetry is less strict about following rules. But while modern poetic forms such as free verse and blank verse may not look like the poetry we’re used to, they still use poetic devices, such as a rhythm and beats, to emphasize certain words and thoughts.
What is prose?
Prose, on the other hand, is simply any writing that isn’t poetry. Novels, essays, short stories, news articles, and research reports are all examples of prose. Prose is typically divided into five common types of writing: expository, narrative, persuasive, descriptive, and creative.
5 different types of writing styles
1. expository writing.
The purpose of expository writing is to explain a topic or subject to the reader. Expository writers often aim to answer six simple questions about the topic: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?
After readers finish an expository piece, they should be able to understand the facts about a topic. Expository writers shouldn’t include their own personal views and opinions about the topic, but rather, they should allow readers to form their own opinions based on objective information.
Expository writing can be tricky because the writer needs to know who the readers might be. For example, someone asked you to write an expository piece about how a computer works. If you knew that you were writing for children, your explanation would be much simpler than if it were for adults. And if you knew that you were writing for professional computer engineers, you would use many more technical words in your writing. That’s the goal of expository writing — to explain something in a way that your readers can understand.
Examples of expository writing include:
- News articles
- Scientific reports
- Research findings
- Academic writing
- Case studies
2. Narrative writing
If you’re writing your first book , then you probably want to focus on narrative writing. The goal of narrative writing is to tell people what happened somewhere or to someone. Narrative writing can be objective if the writer describes a simple timeline of events. But readers often love to learn about how people feel as events unfold. The chain of events within a narrative is called a plot when it’s in a novel or short story.
Narrative writing is usually organized in time. In other words, events that happen earlier in the narrative come first. But some writers, especially novelists, like to change when the readers find out about certain parts of the narrative. Literary devices such as dramatic irony, plot twists, and surprise endings all depend on the writer changing when and how the reader learns about the narrative.
Narrative writing can be fiction or nonfiction. Nonfiction narrative writing concerns real events. Fictional narrative writing is completely made up. And sometimes, an author writes a fictional narrative that includes real past events (historical fiction).
Examples of narrative writing include:
- Short stories
3. Persuasive writing
Sometimes, a writer doesn’t want to explain a topic or talk about a narrative of events, but rather get the reader to do something or think a certain way. Persuasive writing helps writers convince the reader that a certain opinion or idea is the best one.
Persuasive writers use a variety of literary devices and tools to convince their audience. One tool is to cite evidence that supports the writer’s view, such as:
- Statistical evidence from research
- Anecdotal evidence from personal observations and past experience
- Testimonial evidence from witnesses and experts
- Textual evidence from books and primary sources
Other times, persuasive writers may rely on moral arguments, character judgments, or religious beliefs to support their point of view. But whether the persuasive writer relies on objective or subjective arguments, they should organize their arguments so that readers can easily follow them and (hopefully) come to the same conclusions.
Examples of persuasive writing include:
- Political campaign speeches
- Debate speeches
- Op-eds and opinion columns
- Letters of motivation for a job position
- Recommendation letters
- Sales and marketing materials
4. Descriptive writing
Have you ever “stopped and smelled the roses?” Where were you? What did the smell like? What thoughts and emotions came to mind? Descriptive writers answer questions like these to help the readers imagine what it’s like to be in a certain place or situation.
The descriptive writing style uses many literary devices to evoke the feelings and emotions of the scene. It’s here where writers might use a simile and metaphor, imagery, or onomatopoeia. Writers often combine descriptive writing with other writing styles to get the reader to stop and focus on one scene or idea. For example, a novel that uses mostly narrative writing may suddenly switch to descriptive writing for an important scene.
It’s rare for a single piece to include only descriptive writing, but descriptive writing is often included in:
- Sales and marketing materials to describe a product or service
5. Creative writing
Creative writing exists outside of all of the other writing methods above. A creative writer may choose to incorporate some of the traditional writing styles, all of them, or none of them. But like all other writers, creative writers aim to share an idea or emotion with readers.
Creative writers typically use words to share a message, but modern creative writers may also include images, audio, and video as part of their work.
Types of literature
We’ve gone over different styles and methods of writing, but how do writers put it all together to come up with something new? Below are the most common types of literature that writers create.
Plays, movies, and TV shows
Plays, also known as dramatic literature, are written to be spoken aloud by different readers to an audience on a stage. Each reader represents a different character in the story, and the writer organizes the play by instructing what each character should say. Playwrights also include notes about the play that aren’t meant to be spoken. These notes could include instructions about where the characters should be standing, how they should read their lines, and how the stage should look.
The modern extension of the play is the movie and TV script. Like playwrights, writers for movies and TV shows instruct characters what to say and how they should say it.
Political campaign and debate speeches
Just because someone is talking doesn’t mean that it doesn’t count as writing. After all, most great speeches were written down before they were spoken. Political speeches are a great example of this. Most politicians work with teams of professional speechwriters to help them deliver moving speeches. In fact, professional speechwriters may be the most influential writers that you never hear about.
Commentaries
People who write commentaries like to write about writing. In other words, not only are commentary writers great writers, but they’re great readers too. Commentaries include notes about writing in the past that help explain what the original author meant with a certain word or in a certain passage. Commentary writers may also try to use the text to promote a particular viewpoint or interpretation. Thus, commentary writers combine different writing styles in their work.
Considered the “newspaper” of your life, diaries detail what happened during the day — who you saw or met, what you did, where you went, etc. Usually, diary entries don’t focus on the emotions or insights involved. That usually begins the journaling process, where you state what your opinion was on such a person, how you felt about the things you did, and so on. You can use a diary as notes for your autobiography.
Writing a diary is similar to writing a journal, but the main difference is that diaries focus on the basic details. Again, they tend to focus more on the Who? What? Where? and When? of your life.
The journal being discussed in this portion is not a published journal of medicine or a fancy term for a nonfiction magazine. The journal discussed in this section is a personal journal that you may or may not share with others. Writing a journal can help you deal with issues in your life, or it can give you idea fodder for fiction pieces to write.
Once you have a collection of memories in your journal, you can start writing a memoir or just keep those entries for yourself to look through when you want to remember something about your life.
Autobiography
This particular form of writing is a personal account of a person’s life written by the same person. These can also be written as personal memoirs. Writing an autobiography can be a great experience. If you’re interested, consider keeping a diary and/or journal so that you have plenty of notes when you go back to write your autobiography later in your life.
Book reviews
Book reviews play an important role for writers of books. A good book review can change the future of the book by driving more publicity and more book sales. A bad review can discourage people from reading it or even causing the book to be pulled from shelves and online stores.
Character sketches
There are two types of character sketches. One involves the creation of a character , usually with questions and answers, for your creative writing. There are also academic assignments that involve creating a sketch of another author’s character, which is usually designed to help you create your own characters.
Even if your creative writing is an autobiography, you should consider creating a character sketch for any and all characters you plan to use. It’s also a good idea to consider a brief character sketch when writing a book review. Write it on your favorite character from the book.
Comic strips
If you’ve ever read the funnies in the newspaper, you’re familiar with comic strips. They are drawings that follow in a sequence to detail a story. While there’s more art involved than prose, there is still some writing involved for them. If you’re considering comic strips, you might want to work on your drawing skills in addition to your writing skills.
Ready to start writing?
Whether you’re learning to write your first novel or planning to become the next great speechwriter, it’s important to start writing something — anything! Remember that what you write doesn’t have to be perfect. But with some time, patience, practice, and a little help from an online writing course , you can be well on your way to a new writing career.
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Writing Styles
Your audience and writing purpose will determine your writing style. The four main types of writing styles are persuasive, narrative, expository, and descriptive. In this blog post, we’ll briefly explore the defining features of these four writing styles. For more help using these writing styles, schedule an appointment at the GWC!
Persuasive: For this writing style, the writer is trying to convince the reader of the validity of a certain position or argument. Persuasive writing includes the writers’ opinions, and provides justifications and evidence to support their claims.
Examples: Letters of recommendation; cover letters; Op-Eds and Editorial newspaper articles; argumentative essays for academic papers
Narrative: Often seen in longer writing samples, the purpose of this writing style is to share information in the context of a story. Narratives should include characters, conflicts, and settings.
Examples: Short stories; novels; poetry; historical accounts
Expository: This type of writing is used to explain a concept and share information to a broader audience. Expository writing provides evidence, statistics, or results and focuses on the facts of a certain topic. This type is not meant to express opinions.
Examples: How-to articles; textbooks; news stories (not editorials or Op-Eds); business, technical, or scientific writing
Descriptive: This type of writing is used to depict imagery to create a clear picture in the mind of the reader. This method helps the readers become more connected to the writing by appealing to their senses. Descriptive writing employs literary techniques such as similes, metaphors, allegory, etc to engage the audience.
Examples: Poetry; fictional novels or plays; memoirs or first-hand accounts of events
*This post was adapted from “Types of Writing Styles” by Robin Jeffrey.
Blog post prepared by Danielle Perry, GWC tutor. Published January 27, 2020.
The 5 Most Commonly Taught Writing Styles
Writing is critical to every single subject. Even mathematics often calls for argumentation in written form , especially in disciplines such as statistics.
By placing a significantly higher emphasis on a variety of writing types, we can help address the challenges regarding student writing proficiency . This is especially important in the middle school years, when students are transitioning from the foundational skills they learned in elementary school to the deeper levels of thinking required in high school and beyond.
If you have a teaching degree, it’s likely you’ve already learned about or taught many of the following types of writing styles. Whether you’re familiar with all of them or need to brush up on several, there are guaranteed to be new approaches with which you’re not yet familiar. That’s the goal of this post: to give you the tools you need to maximize your students’ learning experience, writing skills and persuasive power.
A little time taken today can substantially improve the value of your writing exercises tomorrow, so read on!
The Most Common Types of Writing Styles
The most common types of writing styles differ from their intended purpose to their structure to the level of emotional appeal for which they call. Understanding how each of these categories contributes to each type of writing will help you teach students to express themselves more proficiently, as well as reach higher levels of proficiency on state and national tests.
Here are the five most common types of writing styles, a quick exploration of each and some new strategies for teaching them.
- NARRATIVE WRITING
We Are Teachers defines narrative writing as “writing that is characterized by a main character in a setting who engages with a problem or event in a significant way. As writing instruction goes, narrative writing encompasses a lot: author’s purpose, tone, voice, structure, in addition to teaching sentence structure, organization, and word choice.”
You can assign students a wide variety of narrative writing assignments, from personal narrative to fiction to “fan fiction,” or stories that use main characters from books students love. For instance, a student could write a short story about one of Harry Potter’s untold side adventures.
As the above definition indicates, there are a number of elements required in good narrative writing. To weave together a compelling story, students must choose:
- A theme, or the main “human” idea that they want to convey
- A main character with a minimum number of well-defined personality traits
- Side characters, if the length and complexity of the story allows (for instance, a narrative capstone project might have 2-3 secondary characters)
- A setting or multiple settings in which the story takes place
- A particular structure – the style in which they will tell their story – with the various narrative elements represented: dialogue, description, action
- Literary elements, such as symbolism, simile and metaphor
- Vocabulary words, depending on your desires and requirements as a teacher
Teaching students to weave all of these elements together will take time, which is why each lesson should cover no more than one of the above. As students check off each item, they can incorporate it with the ones above. Eventually, the result will be a well-fleshed-out story they can be proud to share with the class and their family.
- ANALYTICAL WRITING
Bloom’s Taxonomy , a friend to all teachers and critical pedagogical guide, lists analysis in the top half of the pyramid. That’s because the ability to look at a statement, argument, character or theme and decide whether or not it has merit – and why it does or does not – is a necessary skill in secondary school, college and career.
This ability requires first identifying and then dissecting the subject at hand, after which the student can offer an argument about its meaning and merit.That’s where analytical writing comes in.
As the Educational Testing Service explains about the GRE,
“The Analytical Writing measure tests your critical thinking and analytical writing skills. It assesses your ability to articulate and support complex ideas, construct and evaluate arguments, and sustain a focused and coherent discussion. It does not assess specific content knowledge.”
While one might assume that postgraduates taking entrance exams are at a significantly different learning point than middle schoolers (which they are), the similarities between the skills needed then and needed in 7th grade are nearly identical. In fact, having those skills in later life is largely dependent on middle school teachers developing them now.
Note, however, that analytical writing is not pure explanation or description (as we will encounter in the next writing style). Instead, it requires that students read and comprehend either fiction or nonfiction, explain what is happening, and then analyze a particular facet of what they’ve read.
Analytical writing requires developing a thesis that supports their main claim, backing it up with proof from the text, and concluding with a summary that wraps the two together.
As with all forms of writing, it’s important to teach this skill slowly, starting with reading critically, identifying a thesis, finding evidence and tying it together in a paper – as well as peer examination of others’ analytical writing. It is also helpful to give examples of analytical theses, such as:
- Mockingjays from The Hunger Games are symbols of freedom, because they are genetically engineered species that have broken free from the Capitol, just as Katniss has
- The main theme of To Build a Fire is that nature is merciless and unforgiving
- Anne Frank’s arguments against war are so powerful because she herself is devoid of hatred
Help students understand that while the analysis can be opinion-based, students do need to back up everything they say with passages from the reading.
- EXPOSITORY WRITING
Expository writing, as the title suggests, is predicated on exposition, or the description and explanation of a particular idea. Topics cover pretty much the entire gamut of human experience, from inventions to nature, emotions to politics, family to hobbies and more.
Teachers can challenge students to pick their own subjects or can give them categories from which to choose or assign specific subjects. Each of these options helps develop a different skill set in kids.
There exist a number of good ways to develop expository writing skills, suggests The New York Times .
For one thing, it’s time to ditch the tired five-paragraph essay and write from a more “authentic” place. That means placing primary emphasis not on an introduction, three-body exposition and conclusion, but rather on what the piece calls for. Encourage students to take as many paragraphs as they need to express their idea well, and to be creative in their intros and conclusions.
In teaching your students, ask them questions such as:
- What’s the “newsworthy” piece of this paper?
- How can you introduce your piece other than giving away that newsworthy element upfront?
- How can you conclude it without simply rehashing the above information?
- What techniques can you use to vary sentence structure and make for a more interesting read?
- How can you incorporate supporting material in an engaging way?
While some of the techniques may feel a little advanced at first, almost all of them can be broken down into simple directions that middle school students can make use of.
- PERSUASIVE WRITING
“Persuasive writing is a form of nonfiction writing that encourages careful word choice, the development of logical arguments, and a cohesive summary,” as Reading Rocket explains. Note that there are two main components of persuasive writing: logic and emotional appeal.
Logic comes first in persuasive writing. In order to have any chance of convincing people, students have to develop a sound premise. That means choosing a topic and backing it up with good logic.
Give them examples, such as: Everyone should keep their cats indoors, because there are many dangers to cats outside . They can then expand on these dangers (coyotes, racoons, rabies) to convince people.
Help students understand that this topic should have an opposing stance. Simply stating that ‘we shouldn’t do wrong things’ isn’t a good stance, because it’s too vague and no one would argue against it.
Next, it’s time to work in sympathy. Persuading people relies heavily on reaching them emotionally. Not only must your point make sense, but you need to make them feel what you’re saying in their hearts as well as their minds.
For this reason, students should choose a topic or stance about which they feel passionate. They can save more formal academic positions for argumentative writing.
Speaking of which: Argumentative writing is the close cousin of persuasive writing, though as we shall soon see, it is not the same thing.
- ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING
At first blush, many people confuse persuasive and argumentative writing. This is common among teachers as well as laypeople, so if you’re scratching your head, don’t feel bad.
The main difference between persuasive and argumentative writing, as Empowering Writers explains, is that:
“While persuasive writing can get by with a heartfelt emotional appeal or a well-defended opinion, argumentative writing must cite scientific studies, statistics and quotes from experts. It also highlights evidence that the author has generated with his/her own surveys and questionnaires.”
The good news is that, in teaching persuasive writing, you can simultaneously teach kids the scientific method and statistical analysis by having them design and examine the results of questionnaires. Adds the above source, “You’ll find that writing those questionnaires or surveys and collecting responses from their classmates is not only fun for kids, but it encourages active learning and positive social interaction.”
Argumentative writing, calls for several elements:
- A formal writing style, typically in the third person
- Well-researched facts from reliable sources (this, by the way, is a good time to discuss why sites like Wikipedia are good as a starting point but not as final sources)
- Argumentation predicated on those facts
- An overall claim of which the writer is trying to convince the reader
When designing argumentative writing curricula and lessons, introduce students to the structure slowly. Their instinct is typically toward arguing for what they believe based on emotional appeal, but you can point out that they’ll have a chance to do this with persuasive writing. Instead, lead them through the process with the following steps:
- Research an interest area
- Choose a position or argument based on the results of that research
- Collect sources (assign a specific number, usually around 3-5) from which to draw facts
- Craft the flow of the argument, from initial statement of position through supporting facts (one per paragraph is a good approach) to conclusion
- Conclude by both restating the argument and leaving the reader with a good reason to think about it, such as a story or quote
The Writing Way: Implement These Strategies Today
So why wait any longer to implement smart and relatively simple new strategies into your writing time? By selecting and teaching the above skills a little more often – not to mention weaving them into other subjects more often – you can substantially improve your students’ writing abilities.
One caveat, though: Don’t attempt to incorporate all of these strategies at once. You’re a teacher; you have a long career and many moldable minds ahead of you.
Take your time to deepen your familiarity with each type of writing one by one. Incorporate one new strategy per lesson plan, and no more. You can even work to develop your teaching approach to one style of writing per year to avoid teacher burnout .
And lastly, take heart. There is something you can do to help improve the state of the American education system, one lesson at a time, one paper at a time, one child at a time. Keep these tips in mind and do your best, and you’ll do just fine.
Please read Marco Learning’s Terms and Conditions, click to agree, and submit to continue to your content.
Please read Marco Learning's Terms and Conditions, click to agree, and submit at the bottom of the window.
MARCO LEARNING TERMS OF USE
Last Modified: 1/24/2023
Acceptance of the Terms of Use
These terms of use are entered into by and between You and Marco Learning LLC (" Company ", " we ", or " us "). The following terms and conditions (these " Terms of Use "), govern your access to and use of Marco Learning , including any content, functionality, and services offered on or through Marco Learning (the " Website "), whether as a guest or a registered user.
Please read the Terms of Use carefully before you start to use the Website. By using the Website or by clicking to accept or agree to the Terms of Use when this option is made available to you, you accept and agree to be bound and abide by these Terms of Use. You may not order or obtain products or services from this website if you (i) do not agree to these Terms of Use, or (ii) are prohibited from accessing or using this Website or any of this Website’s contents, goods or services by applicable law . If you do not want to agree to these Terms of Use, you must not access or use the Website.
This Website is offered and available to users who are 13 years of age or older, and reside in the United States or any of its territories or possessions. Any user under the age of 18 must (a) review the Terms of Use with a parent or legal guardian to ensure the parent or legal guardian acknowledges and agrees to these Terms of Use, and (b) not access the Website if his or her parent or legal guardian does not agree to these Terms of Use. By using this Website, you represent and warrant that you meet all of the foregoing eligibility requirements. If you do not meet all of these requirements, you must not access or use the Website.
Changes to the Terms of Use
We may revise and update these Terms of Use from time to time in our sole discretion. All changes are effective immediately when we post them, and apply to all access to and use of the Website thereafter.
These Terms of Use are an integral part of the Website Terms of Use that apply generally to the use of our Website. Your continued use of the Website following the posting of revised Terms of Use means that you accept and agree to the changes. You are expected to check this page each time you access this Website so you are aware of any changes, as they are binding on you.
Accessing the Website and Account Security
We reserve the right to withdraw or amend this Website, and any service or material we provide on the Website, in our sole discretion without notice. We will not be liable if for any reason all or any part of the Website is unavailable at any time or for any period. From time to time, we may restrict access to some parts of the Website, or the entire Website, to users, including registered users.
You are responsible for (i) making all arrangements necessary for you to have access to the Website, and (ii) ensuring that all persons who access the Website through your internet connection are aware of these Terms of Use and comply with them.
To access the Website or some of the resources it offers, you may be asked to provide certain registration details or other information. It is a condition of your use of the Website that all the information you provide on the Website is correct, current, and complete. You agree that all information you provide to register with this Website or otherwise, including but not limited to through the use of any interactive features on the Website, is governed by our Marco Learning Privacy Policy , and you consent to all actions we take with respect to your information consistent with our Privacy Policy.
If you choose, or are provided with, a user name, password, or any other piece of information as part of our security procedures, you must treat such information as confidential, and you must not disclose it to any other person or entity. You also acknowledge that your account is personal to you and agree not to provide any other person with access to this Website or portions of it using your user name, password, or other security information. You agree to notify us immediately of any unauthorized access to or use of your user name or password or any other breach of security. You also agree to ensure that you exit from your account at the end of each session. You should use particular caution when accessing your account from a public or shared computer so that others are not able to view or record your password or other personal information.
We have the right to disable any user name, password, or other identifier, whether chosen by you or provided by us, at any time in our sole discretion for any or no reason, including if, in our opinion, you have violated any provision of these Terms of Use.
Intellectual Property Rights
The Website and its entire contents, features, and functionality (including but not limited to all information, software, text, displays, images, graphics, video, other visuals, and audio, and the design, selection, and arrangement thereof) are owned by the Company, its licensors, or other providers of such material and are protected by United States and international copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret, and other intellectual property or proprietary rights laws. Your use of the Website does not grant to you ownership of any content, software, code, date or materials you may access on the Website.
These Terms of Use permit you to use the Website for your personal, non-commercial use only. You must not reproduce, distribute, modify, create derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, republish, download, store, or transmit any of the material on our Website, except as follows:
- Your computer may temporarily store copies of such materials in RAM incidental to your accessing and viewing those materials.
- You may store files that are automatically cached by your Web browser for display enhancement purposes.
- You may print or download one copy of a reasonable number of pages of the Website for your own personal, non-commercial use and not for further reproduction, publication, or distribution.
- If we provide desktop, mobile, or other applications for download, you may download a single copy to your computer or mobile device solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided you agree to be bound by our end user license agreement for such applications.
- If we provide social media features with certain content, you may take such actions as are enabled by such features.
You must not:
- Modify copies of any materials from this site.
- Use any illustrations, photographs, video or audio sequences, or any graphics separately from the accompanying text.
- Delete or alter any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary rights notices from copies of materials from this site.
You must not access or use for any commercial purposes any part of the Website or any services or materials available through the Website.
If you wish to make any use of material on the Website other than that set out in this section, please contact us
If you print, copy, modify, download, or otherwise use or provide any other person with access to any part of the Website in breach of the Terms of Use, your right to use the Website will stop immediately and you must, at our option, return or destroy any copies of the materials you have made. No right, title, or interest in or to the Website or any content on the Website is transferred to you, and all rights not expressly granted are reserved by the Company. Any use of the Website not expressly permitted by these Terms of Use is a breach of these Terms of Use and may violate copyright, trademark, and other laws.
Trademarks, logos, service marks, trade names, and all related names, logos, product and service names, designs, and slogans are trademarks of the Company or its affiliates or licensors (collectively, the “ Trademarks ”). You must not use such Trademarks without the prior written permission of the Company. All other names, logos, product and service names, designs, and slogans on this Website are the trademarks of their respective owners.
Prohibited Uses
You may use the Website only for lawful purposes and in accordance with these Terms of Use. You agree not to use the Website:
- In any way that violates any applicable federal, state, local, or international law or regulation (including, without limitation, any laws regarding the export of data or software to and from the US or other countries).
- For the purpose of exploiting, harming, or attempting to exploit or harm minors in any way by exposing them to inappropriate content, asking for personally identifiable information, or otherwise.
- To send, knowingly receive, upload, download, use, or re-use any material that does not comply with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use.
- To transmit, or procure the sending of, any advertising or promotional material, including any "junk mail", "chain letter", "spam", or any other similar solicitation.
- To impersonate or attempt to impersonate the Company, a Company employee, another user, or any other person or entity (including, without limitation, by using email addresses or screen names associated with any of the foregoing).
- To engage in any other conduct that restricts or inhibits anyone's use or enjoyment of the Website, or which, as determined by us, may harm the Company or users of the Website or expose them to liability.
Additionally, you agree not to:
- Use the Website in any manner that could disable, overburden, damage, or impair the site or interfere with any other party's use of the Website, including their ability to engage in real time activities through the Website.
- Use any robot, spider, or other automatic device, process, or means to access the Website for any purpose, including monitoring or copying any of the material on the Website.
- Use any manual process to monitor or copy any of the material on the Website or for any other unauthorized purpose without our prior written consent.
- Use any device, software, or routine that interferes with the proper working of the Website.
- Introduce any viruses, Trojan horses, worms, logic bombs, or other material that is malicious or technologically harmful.
- Attempt to gain unauthorized access to, interfere with, damage, or disrupt any parts of the Website, the server on which the Website is stored, or any server, computer, or database connected to the Website.
- Attack the Website via a denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of-service attack.
- Otherwise attempt to interfere with the proper working of the Website.
If you use, or assist another person in using the Website in any unauthorized way, you agree that you will pay us an additional $50 per hour for any time we spend to investigate and correct such use, plus any third party costs of investigation we incur (with a minimum $300 charge). You agree that we may charge any credit card number provided for your account for such amounts. You further agree that you will not dispute such a charge and that we retain the right to collect any additional actual costs.
User Contributions
The Website may contain message boards, chat rooms, personal web pages or profiles, forums, bulletin boards, and other interactive features (collectively, " Interactive Services ") that allow users to post, submit, publish, display, or transmit to other users or other persons (hereinafter, " post ") content or materials (collectively, " User Contributions ") on or through the Website.
All User Contributions must comply with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use.
Any User Contribution you post to the site will be considered non-confidential and non-proprietary. By providing any User Contribution on the Website, you grant us and our affiliates and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors, and assigns the right to use, reproduce, modify, perform, display, distribute, and otherwise disclose to third parties any such material for any purpose.
You represent and warrant that:
- You own or control all rights in and to the User Contributions and have the right to grant the license granted above to us and our affiliates and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors, and assigns.
- All of your User Contributions do and will comply with these Terms of Use.
You understand and acknowledge that you are responsible for any User Contributions you submit or contribute, and you, not the Company, have full responsibility for such content, including its legality, reliability, accuracy, and appropriateness.
For any academic source materials such as textbooks and workbooks which you submit to us in connection with our online tutoring services, you represent and warrant that you are entitled to upload such materials under the “fair use” doctrine of copyright law. In addition, if you request that our system display a representation of a page or problem from a textbook or workbook, you represent and warrant that you are in proper legal possession of such textbook or workbook and that your instruction to our system to display a page or problem from your textbook or workbook is made for the sole purpose of facilitating your tutoring session, as “fair use” under copyright law.
You agree that we may record all or any part of any live online classes and tutoring sessions (including voice chat communications) for quality control and other purposes. You agree that we own all transcripts and recordings of such sessions and that these Terms of Use will be deemed an irrevocable assignment of rights in all such transcripts and recordings to us.
We are not responsible or liable to any third party for the content or accuracy of any User Contributions posted by you or any other user of the Website.
Monitoring and Enforcement: Termination
We have the right to:
- Remove or refuse to post any User Contributions for any or no reason in our sole discretion.
- Take any action with respect to any User Contribution that we deem necessary or appropriate in our sole discretion, including if we believe that such User Contribution violates the Terms of Use, including the Content Standards, infringes any intellectual property right or other right of any person or entity, threatens the personal safety of users of the Website or the public, or could create liability for the Company.
- Disclose your identity or other information about you to any third party who claims that material posted by you violates their rights, including their intellectual property rights or their right to privacy.
- Take appropriate legal action, including without limitation, referral to law enforcement, for any illegal or unauthorized use of the Website.
- Terminate or suspend your access to all or part of the Website for any or no reason, including without limitation, any violation of these Terms of Use.
Without limiting the foregoing, we have the right to cooperate fully with any law enforcement authorities or court order requesting or directing us to disclose the identity or other information of anyone posting any materials on or through the Website. YOU WAIVE AND HOLD HARMLESS THE COMPANY AND ITS AFFILIATES, LICENSEES, AND SERVICE PROVIDERS FROM ANY CLAIMS RESULTING FROM ANY ACTION TAKEN BY ANY OF THE FOREGOING PARTIES DURING, OR TAKEN AS A CONSEQUENCE OF, INVESTIGATIONS BY EITHER SUCH PARTIES OR LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES.
However, we do not undertake to review material before it is posted on the Website, and cannot ensure prompt removal of objectionable material after it has been posted. Accordingly, we assume no liability for any action or inaction regarding transmissions, communications, or content provided by any user or third party. We have no liability or responsibility to anyone for performance or nonperformance of the activities described in this section.
Content Standards
These content standards apply to any and all User Contributions and use of Interactive Services. User Contributions must in their entirety comply with all applicable federal, state, local, and international laws and regulations. Without limiting the foregoing, User Contributions must not:
- Contain any material that is defamatory, obscene, indecent, abusive, offensive, harassing, violent, hateful, inflammatory, or otherwise objectionable.
- Promote sexually explicit or pornographic material, violence, or discrimination based on race, sex, religion, nationality, disability, sexual orientation, or age.
- Infringe any patent, trademark, trade secret, copyright, or other intellectual property or other rights of any other person.
- Violate the legal rights (including the rights of publicity and privacy) of others or contain any material that could give rise to any civil or criminal liability under applicable laws or regulations or that otherwise may be in conflict with these Terms of Use and our Privacy Policy .
- Be likely to deceive any person.
- Promote any illegal activity, or advocate, promote, or assist any unlawful act.
- Cause annoyance, inconvenience, or needless anxiety or be likely to upset, embarrass, alarm, or annoy any other person.
- Impersonate any person, or misrepresent your identity or affiliation with any person or organization.
- Involve commercial activities or sales, such as contests, sweepstakes, and other sales promotions, barter, or advertising.
- Give the impression that they emanate from or are endorsed by us or any other person or entity, if this is not the case.
(collectively, the “ Content Standards ”)
Copyright Infringement
If you believe that any User Contributions violate your copyright, please contact us and provide the following information:
- An electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest;
- A description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed;
- A description of where the material you claim is infringing is located on the website (and such description must reasonably sufficient to enable us to find the alleged infringing material);
- Your address, telephone number and email address;
- A written statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; and
- A statement by you, made under the penalty of perjury, that the above information in your notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf.
We may terminate the accounts of any infringers.
Reliance on Information Posted
From time to time, we may make third party opinions, advice, statements, offers, or other third party information or content available on the Website or from tutors under tutoring services (collectively, “Third Party Content”). All Third Party Content is the responsibility of the respective authors thereof and should not necessarily be relied upon. Such third party authors are solely responsible for such content. WE DO NOT (I) GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS OR USEFULNESS OF ANY THIRD PARTY CONTENT ON THE SITE OR ANY VERIFICATION SERVICES DONE ON OUR TUTORS OR INSTRUCTORS, OR (II) ADOPT, ENDORSE OR ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OR RELIABILITY OF ANY OPINION, ADVICE, OR STATEMENT MADE BY ANY TUTOR OR INSTRUCTOR OR ANY PARTY THAT APPEARS ON THE WEBSITE. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL WE BE RESPONSBILE OR LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE RESULTING FROM YOUR RELIANCE ON INFORMATION OR OTHER CONENT POSTED ON OR AVAILBLE FROM THE WEBSITE.
Changes to the Website
We may update the content on this Website from time to time, but its content is not necessarily complete or up-to-date. Any of the material on the Website may be out of date at any given time, and we are under no obligation to update such material.
Information About You and Your Visits to the Website
All information we collect on this Website is subject to our Privacy Policy . By using the Website, you consent to all actions taken by us with respect to your information in compliance with the Privacy Policy.
Online Purchases and Other Terms and Conditions
All purchases through our site or other transactions for the sale of services and information formed through the Website or resulting from visits made by you are governed by our Terms of Sale, which are hereby incorporated into these Terms of Use.
Additional terms and conditions may also apply to specific portions, services, or features of the Website. All such additional terms and conditions are hereby incorporated by this reference into these Terms of Use.
Linking to the Website and Social Media Features
You may link to our homepage, provided you do so in a way that is fair and legal and does not damage our reputation or take advantage of it, but you must not establish a link in such a way as to suggest any form of association, approval, or endorsement on our part without our express written consent.
This Website may provide certain social media features that enable you to:
- Link from your own or certain third-party websites to certain content on this Website.
- Send emails or other communications with certain content, or links to certain content, on this Website.
- Cause limited portions of content on this Website to be displayed or appear to be displayed on your own or certain third-party websites.
You may use these features solely as they are provided by us, and solely with respect to the content they are displayed with and otherwise in accordance with any additional terms and conditions we provide with respect to such features. Subject to the foregoing, you must not:
- Establish a link from any website that is not owned by you.
- Cause the Website or portions of it to be displayed on, or appear to be displayed by, any other site, for example, framing, deep linking, or in-line linking.
- Link to any part of the Website other than the homepage.
- Otherwise take any action with respect to the materials on this Website that is inconsistent with any other provision of these Terms of Use.
The website from which you are linking, or on which you make certain content accessible, must comply in all respects with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use.
You agree to cooperate with us in causing any unauthorized framing or linking immediately to stop. We reserve the right to withdraw linking permission without notice.
We may disable all or any social media features and any links at any time without notice in our discretion.
Links from the Website
If the Website contains links to other sites and resources provided by third parties (“ Linked Sites ”), these links are provided for your convenience only. This includes links contained in advertisements, including banner advertisements and sponsored links. You acknowledge and agree that we have no control over the contents, products, services, advertising or other materials which may be provided by or through those Linked sites or resources, and accept no responsibility for them or for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them. If you decide to access any of the third-party websites linked to this Website, you do so entirely at your own risk and subject to the terms and conditions of use for such websites.
You agree that if you include a link from any other website to the Website, such link will open in a new browser window and will link to the full version of an HTML formatted page of this Website. You are not permitted to link directly to any image hosted on the Website or our products or services, such as using an “in-line” linking method to cause the image hosted by us to be displayed on another website. You agree not to download or use images hosted on this Website or another website, for any purpose, including, without limitation, posting such images on another website. You agree not to link from any other website to this Website in any manner such that the Website, or any page of the Website, is “framed,” surrounded or obfuscated by any third party content, materials or branding. We reserve all of our rights under the law to insist that any link to the Website be discontinued, and to revoke your right to link to the Website from any other website at any time upon written notice to you.
Geographic Restrictions
The owner of the Website is based in the state of New Jersey in the United States. We provide this Website for use only by persons located in the United States. We make no claims that the Website or any of its content is accessible or appropriate outside of the United States. Access to the Website may not be legal by certain persons or in certain countries. If you access the Website from outside the United States, you do so on your own initiative and are responsible for compliance with local laws.
Disclaimer of Warranties
You understand that we cannot and do not guarantee or warrant that files available for downloading from the internet or the Website will be free of viruses or other destructive code. You are responsible for implementing sufficient procedures and checkpoints to satisfy your particular requirements for anti-virus protection and accuracy of data input and output, and for maintaining a means external to our site for any reconstruction of any lost data. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PROVIDED BY LAW, WE WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE CAUSED BY A DISTRIBUTED DENIAL-OF-SERVICE ATTACK, VIRUSES, OR OTHER TECHNOLOGICALLY HARMFUL MATERIAL THAT MAY INFECT YOUR COMPUTER EQUIPMENT, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, DATA, OR OTHER PROPRIETARY MATERIAL DUE TO YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE OR TO YOUR DOWNLOADING OF ANY MATERIAL POSTED ON IT, OR ON ANY WEBSITE LINKED TO IT.
YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT, AND ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT, AND ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE" BASIS, WITHOUT ANY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. NEITHER THE COMPANY NOR ANY PERSON ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPANY MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WITH RESPECT TO THE COMPLETENESS, SECURITY, RELIABILITY, QUALITY, ACCURACY, OR AVAILABILITY OF THE WEBSITE. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, NEITHER THE COMPANY NOR ANYONE ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPANY REPRESENTS OR WARRANTS THAT THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT, OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL BE ACCURATE, RELIABLE, ERROR-FREE, OR UNINTERRUPTED, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED, THAT OUR SITE OR THE SERVER THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS, OR THAT THE WEBSITE OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL OTHERWISE MEET YOUR NEEDS OR EXPECTATIONS.
TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PROVIDED BY LAW, THE COMPANY HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
THE FOREGOING DOES NOT AFFECT ANY WARRANTIES THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR LIMITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW.
Limitation on Liability
TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PROVIDED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL THE COMPANY, ITS AFFILIATES, OR THEIR LICENSORS, SERVICE PROVIDERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, OFFICERS, OR DIRECTORS BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, UNDER ANY LEGAL THEORY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH YOUR USE, OR INABILITY TO USE, THE WEBSITE, ANY WEBSITES LINKED TO IT, ANY CONTENT ON THE WEBSITE OR SUCH OTHER WEBSITES, INCLUDING ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PERSONAL INJURY, PAIN AND SUFFERING, EMOTIONAL DISTRESS, LOSS OF REVENUE, LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS OR ANTICIPATED SAVINGS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF GOODWILL, LOSS OF DATA, AND WHETHER CAUSED BY TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), BREACH OF CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF FORESEEABLE.
THE FOREGOING DOES NOT AFFECT ANY LIABILITY THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR LIMITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW.
Indemnification
You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the Company, its affiliates, licensors, and service providers, and its and their respective officers, directors, employees, contractors, agents, licensors, suppliers, successors, and assigns from and against any claims, liabilities, damages, judgments, awards, losses, costs, expenses, or fees (including reasonable attorneys' fees) arising out of or relating to your violation of these Terms of Use or your use of the Website, including, but not limited to, your User Contributions, any use of the Website's content, services, and products other than as expressly authorized in these Terms of Use or your use of any information obtained from the Website.
Governing Law and Jurisdiction
All matters relating to the Website and these Terms of Use and any dispute or claim arising therefrom or related thereto (in each case, including non-contractual disputes or claims), shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New Jersey without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New Jersey or any other jurisdiction).
Any legal suit, action, or proceeding arising out of, or related to, these Terms of Use or the Website shall be instituted exclusively in the federal courts of the United States or the courts of the State of New Jersey in each case located in the County of Monmouth although we retain the right to bring any suit, action, or proceeding against you for breach of these Terms of Use in your country of residence or any other relevant country. You waive any and all objections to the exercise of jurisdiction over you by such courts and to venue in such courts. You may not under any circumstances commence or maintain against us any class action, class arbitration, or other representative action or proceeding.
Arbitration
By using this Website, you agree, at Company's sole discretion, that it may require you to submit any disputes arising from the use of these Terms of Use or the Website, including disputes arising from or concerning their interpretation, violation, invalidity, non-performance, or termination, to final and binding arbitration under the Rules of Arbitration of the American Arbitration Association applying New Jersey law. In doing so, YOU GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO GO TO COURT to assert or defend any claims between you and us. YOU ALSO GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS ACTION OR OTHER CLASS PROCEEDING. Your rights may be determined by a NEUTRAL ARBITRATOR, NOT A JUDGE OR JURY. You are entitled to a fair hearing before the arbitrator. The arbitrator can grant any relief that a court can, but you should note that arbitration proceedings are usually simpler and more streamlined than trials and other judicial proceedings. Decisions by the arbitrator are enforceable in court and may be overturned by a court only for very limited reasons.
Any proceeding to enforce this arbitration provision, including any proceeding to confirm, modify, or vacate an arbitration award, may be commenced in any court of competent jurisdiction. In the event that this arbitration provision is for any reason held to be unenforceable, any litigation against Company must be commenced only in the federal or state courts located in Monmouth County, New Jersey. You hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of those courts for such purposes.
Limitation on Time to File Claims
ANY CAUSE OF ACTION OR CLAIM YOU MAY HAVE ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THESE TERMS OF USE OR THE WEBSITE MUST BE COMMENCED WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR AFTER THE CAUSE OF ACTION ACCRUES, OTHERWISE, SUCH CAUSE OF ACTION OR CLAIM IS PERMANENTLY BARRED.
Waiver and Severability
No waiver by the Company of any term or condition set out in these Terms of Use shall be deemed a further or continuing waiver of such term or condition or a waiver of any other term or condition, and any failure of the Company to assert a right or provision under these Terms of Use shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.
If any provision of these Terms of Use is held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable for any reason, such provision shall be eliminated or limited to the minimum extent such that the remaining provisions of the Terms of Use will continue in full force and effect.
Entire Agreement
The Terms of Use, our Privacy Policy, and Terms of Sale constitute the sole and entire agreement between you and Marco Learning LLC regarding the Website and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations, and warranties, both written and oral, regarding the Website.
Communications and Miscellaneous
If you provide us your email address, you agree and consent to receive email messages from us. These emails may be transaction or relationship communications relating to the products or services we offer, such as administrative notices and service announcements or changes, or emails containing commercial offers, promotions or special offers from us.
Your Comments and Concerns
This website is operated by Marco Learning LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company with an address of 113 Monmouth Road, Suite 1, Wrightstown, New Jersey 08562.
Please contact us for all other feedback, comments, requests for technical support, and other communications relating to the Website.
13 Types Of Writing Every Writer Should Master
Do you want to take your writing skills to the next level? Learn the types of writing you can try for your job or fun.
As someone who makes a living writing for other people’s websites, I often adapt my writing style for different audiences and situations. The way I write conveys meaning beyond the words I use or what I say. Some forms of writing paint a picture, convince a reader to act or communicate facts while using reliable sources.
Choosing from the different types of writing and adapting to the requirements of a professor, business, or client is crucial to writing success. Below, I’ll share the different types of writing you can practice to become a better writer .
1. Expository Writing
2. narrative writing, 3. persuasive writing, 4. descriptive writing, 5. technical writing, 6. diary writing, 7. business writing, 8. copywriting, 8. content writing, 10. critical writing, 11. scientific writing, 12. travel writing, 13. blogging, the final word on types of writing, faqs about types of writing.
Expository writing focuses on providing facts and research about a given topic. In this writing style, you’ll explore an idea in detail and expand on that idea using factual statements.
When writing an expository essay, you don’t seek to prove a point, persuade, or evoke emotions. Your goal is to explain something in an objective and balanced way. Here are some examples of expository writing you’re probably familiar with, whether you’ve written them or read them:
- Journalistic articles
- How-to manuals
- Assembly instructions
Can you see how inserting opinion, bias, or emotion into these types of writing could be problematic? Read our guide to the best essay writing topics .
Stories are everywhere around you and provide ample opportunity for you to express your imagination.
In narrative writing, you tell a story that’s 100 per cent truthful, primarily factual but embellished for reader enjoyment or fiction. Stories are everywhere around you and provide ample opportunity for you to express your imagination.
Examples of the narrative style include:
- Biographies and autobiographies
- Short stories
- Narrative journalism
The journalist Hunter S. Thompson popularised this type of writing in his articles and essays, whereby his journalism often reads like a novel. If you’d like to learn more about this style, read our guide to narrative essays .
In a persuasive essay, your goal is to convince the reader to agree with you through strategic argumentation. To accomplish this, you employ various argumentation techniques like presenting supporting evidence for your argument, laying out points in a logical order that slowly generates buy-in from the reader, and telling a story that evokes emotion to make the case.
Examples of persuasive writing include:
- Advertisements and marketing campaigns
- Cover letters
- Letters of recommendation
- Business proposals
- Persuasive essays
- Persuasive social media posts
- Persuasive journalism
Politicians and leaders use persuasive writing to popularize ideas like Barack Obama’s book The Audacity of Hope . If you’d like to learn more, read our guide to persuasive essays .
Descriptive writing is a type of writing style that overlaps with others in this list. It’s one of the most common types of writing as students often write descriptive essays in school.
One of the essential concepts in descriptive writing is to “show, not tell”. Rather than simply saying what happened, explain the how and the why behind it to paint a picture. You’ll use numerous literary devices to accomplish this, such as:
- Foreshadowing
For this writing style, you’ll choose a point of view to relate to readers. The POV can change the tone of the piece, with the third-person often sounding more formal and objective, while the first and second can seem informal. You may need a combination of more than one POV for the piece to work. Examples of POV usage:
- First-person – I, We (e.g., Moby Dick, Hunger Games)
- Second person – You, Understood You (e.g., most blog posts, choose your adventure books, assembly instructions )
- Third-person – He, She, It, They (e.g., Harry Potter, Journalistic Articles )
If you’d like to learn more, read our guide to descriptive essays .
Technical writing involves communicating something complex in a way the audience can understand. To accomplish this, the technical writer must have in-depth knowledge of the topic they’re explaining and an understanding of the audience’s level of experience.
Technical writing is devoid of personal opinions. Instead, it explains a topic or concept step-by-step or logically. Examples of technical writing include:
- Research papers
- Legal documents
- Some textbooks
- White papers
- Academic writing
- Medical journals
- Technical documentation for products and software
If you’d like to learn more, read our guide explaining how to become a technical writer . We also like this technical writing course for engineers from Google .
Diary writing is a more personal form of writing intended to log events in a person’s life and often their emotions. If you think you might be famous someday, keeping diaries could one day be resource materials for your auto-biography!
That point aside, many people use diaries as an external way to process how they’re feeling to deal with anger, regret, grief, fear, jealousy, and sadness. It’s cheaper than therapy.
Diary writing can be a positive experience. People often write about what they’re grateful for, express their joy around fortuitous events in their life, or set life goals and celebrate accomplishments.
Examples of diary writing include
- The Diary of Anne Frank
- Leonardo Da Vinci’s diaries
- Charles Darwin’s diaries
- Marie Curie’s notebooks
Read our guide explaining the differences between a diary and a journal .
Business writing is a commonly misunderstood type of writing. Many consider business writing stuffy and formal, but it’s a stimulating and well-paying field. A business writer follows a company style guide to convey an idea or concept for internal and, sometimes, external use.
For example, a business writer could take notes from an executive and turn them into a compelling business case for the wider team. They could also articulate the values of a business in everyday concise language for a presentation, pitch deck or company manifesto.
Copywriting describes using words to sell products and services to a target audience. A copywriter produces copy for websites, sales pages and email funnels. They aim to convince readers to act, for example, opting in for a lead magnet with their email address, taking out a trial or buying a product.
A copywriter can also branch into related areas like social media and content writing. Copywriters can earn high-five and even six figures annually by providing this service to companies or clients.
The art of copywriting involves holding the attention of readers. For this reason, it’s a valuable skill for those writing online. A good copywriting formula can help a writer finish an article or blog post quicker.
Learn how to become a copywriter .
Content writing is similar to copywriting. A content writer produces blog posts, articles, ebooks and guides for companies or online businesses. They may also write YouTube video scripts and social media posts.
A content writer typically charges clients a per-word rate, usually between four and ten cents, depending on the complexity of the topic. Content writing has become more popular for freelancers because most online businesses thrive on content.
A well-run niche website, for example, publishes a set number of SEO-optimized articles each month to increase traffic and revenue. The owner of this site depends on a team of knowledgeable content writers to achieve their publication and revenue goals.
If you’d like to try this discipline, read our guide explaining what does a content writer do ?
Poetry is something most writers try for fun. It’s a surprisingly rewarding discipline as a writer can play around with words, imagery and sensory language. Usually, an aspiring poet isn’t trying their hand at this type of writing to supplement their income. Instead, it’s a creative challenge.
Perhaps the most accessible type of poetry to start with is Haiku. It’s a type of Japanese poetry whereby the first line contains five syllables, the second 7 and the third 5. For example, consider this ancient Haiku by Japanese poet Matsuo Bashō:
An old silent pond A frog jumps into the pond— Splash! Silence again.
Haiku is only one form of poetry to explore. Read our guide to the most common types of poetry .
A critic considers a piece of popular media and analyzes it for a general audience. The most obvious example is a film critic who watches a film and then explains, in newspaper articles or online, if readers should watch it.
Critical writing is often subjective rather than objective in that it’s written from the reviewer’s point of view. After all, one person’s art is another’s trash! However, writing reviews requires deep knowledge and understanding of the topic or medium in question… or at least an ability to entertain readers with your point of view.
Popular forms of critical writing include:
- Film reviews
- Game reviews
- Music reviews
For more, learn how to get paid to write reviews .
Scientific writing involves writing literature reviews, papers for peer-reviewed journals and even grant proposals. They read the prevailing literature about a topic, review current thinking and then provide a synopsis and evaluation. A scientific writer backs up their argument or points with evidence and citations. Ideally, a scientific writer demonstrates precision, clarity and objectivity.
However, they’re usually writing for an expert audience who understands the topic, prevailing literature, or works in the field. Therefore a scientific writer doesn’t always have to explain basic concepts and ideas as they can assume their audience knows the basics.
Travel writing describes writing about your experiences while visiting a country, city or location. It sounds like a glamorous profession because you get paid to go on holiday!
However, professional travel writers are often under strict deadlines and have to see and do as much as possible in a short period. That often cuts out any socializing. Travel writers also face competition from locals who can write about a location with more expertise than a visitor. Travel writers can earn a nice side income by blogging and writing about their trips online.
For more, read our guide explaining how to become a travel writer .
Blogging is an immensely rewarding form of writing that started in 1997. If you’re going to start a blog today, expect competition. Reportedly over 600 million blogs exist worldwide.
However, a writer can find success more easily if they write within a specific niche about topics readers are searching for, rather than their day or personal lives. The best blogs are self-hosted on WordPress and monetized through display advertising, affiliate promotions, and digital products.
To learn more, read our guide to blogging for writers .
Writers can explore many different styles, from creative to commercial. Selecting the right one depends on the reader, editor, publication and your writing goals . If you’re bored with one style, you can always try another for fun or to flex your creative muscles.
How Do I Choose The Right Writing Style For A Piece?
Consider your audience and the style guide for the publication in question. Identify what type of writing the editor expects for this topic, publication, situation, or brand. Consider how your piece can inform, educate, inspire or entertain readers.
How Can I Learn To Write In Various Styles?
One of the best ways to learn writing styles is to read examples of them. Notice how the writer grabs your attention, unfolds their main points, and communicates with you along the way. Then practice, and ask someone–preferably a writer–to give you some feedback.
How Important Is Grammar In Writing?
Proper grammar enhances communication, while incorrect grammar and spelling can lead to confusion. For some audiences, bad grammar may reflect poorly on your attention to detail or intelligence. Unless you’re intentionally using “bad” grammar as a device to connect with the audience, you should generally avoid it.
Be extra careful about mixing up homonyms, misspelling words, or creating ambiguous sentences. Don’t trust your ability to proofread your work without help. Use a grammar and spell-checker like Grammarly , which has a basic version that’s free of charge.
Other online tools like Hemingway Editor and Yoast Content Analysis can help you refine your writing skills by pointing out, for example, if you overuse passive tense, adverbs, or long sentences.
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Bryan Collins runs things around here. He's also a non-fiction writer and author.
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Learn the Types of Writing: Expository, Descriptive, Persuasive, and Narrative
Whether you write essays, business materials, fiction, articles, letters, or even just notes in your journal, your writing will be at its best if you stay focused on your purpose. While there are many reasons why you might be putting pen to paper or tapping away on the keyboard, there are really only four main types of writing : expository, descriptive, persuasive, and narrative .
Each of these four writing genres has a distinct aim, and they all require different types of writing skills . You may also have heard them referred to in an academic setting as modes of discourse or rhetorical modes . Institutions of higher learning teach nine traditional rhetorical modes, but the majority of pieces we are called upon to write will have one of these four main purposes.
Here’s a tip: You don’t have to guess whether you’re using certain words correctly or breaking grammar rules in your writing. Just copy and paste your writing into our Grammar Checker and get instant feedback on whether your sentences have misspellings, punctuation errors, or any structural mistakes.
Expository Writing
The word expository contains the word expose , so the reason expository is an apt descriptor for this type of writing is that it exposes, or sets forth, facts. It is probably the most common writing genre you will come across throughout your day. In an expository piece, a topic will be introduced and laid out in a logical order without reference to the author’s personal opinions.
Expository writing can be found in:
Textbooks Journalism (except for opinion and editorial articles) Business writing Technical writing Essays Instructions
All of these kinds of writing are expository because they aim to explain and inform.
The municipal government of Happyville unanimously approved the construction of sixty-two miles of bike trails in 2017. Made possible by a new tax levy, the bike trails are expected to help the city reach its sustainability and clean air goals while reducing traffic and congestion. Eighteen trailheads with restrooms and picnic areas have been planned at a variety of access points. The city expects construction to be complete in April 2021.
Because this paragraph supplies the reader with facts and figures about its topic, the new bike trails, without offering the author’s opinion on it, it is expository.
Descriptive Writing
The aim of descriptive writing is to help the reader visualize, in detail, a character, event, place, or all of these things at once. The author might describe the scene in terms of all five senses. Descriptive writing allows the writer a great deal more artistic freedom than expository writing does.
Descriptive writing can be found in:
Fiction Poetry Advertising Journal and diary writing
The children pedaled leisurely down the Happyville Bike Trail, their giggles and whoops reverberating through the warm spring air. Sweet-scented wildflowers brought an array of color to the gently undulating landscape, tempting the children to dismount now and then so they could lay down in the springy, soft grass.
Through description, this passage paints a vivid picture of a scene on the new bike trail.
Persuasive Writing
The aim of persuasive writing, or argumentation, is to influence the reader to assume the author’s point of view. The author will express personal opinions in the piece and arm him- or herself with evidence so that the reader will agree with him or her.
Persuasive writing can be found in:
Advertising Opinion and editorial pieces Reviews Job applications
The bike trail is the glittering gem of Happyville’s new infrastructure. It winds through sixty-two miles of lush landscape, dotted by clean and convenient facilities. If you haven’t experienced the Happyville Bike Trail yet, ditch your car and head outside! Could life in Happyville get any more idyllic?
A number of statements in this paragraph are opinion rather than fact: that the bike trail is a glittering gem, that the facilities are clean and convenient, and that life in Happyville is idyllic. Clearly, the author’s aim here is to use these depictions to persuade readers to use the bike trail.
Narrative Writing
The purpose of narrative writing is to tell a story, whether that story is real or imaginary. Pieces in a narrative style will have characters, and through the narrative, the reader learns what happens to them. Narrative writing can also include dialogue.
Narrative writing can be found in:
All types of fiction (e.g., novels, short stories, novellas) Poetry Biographies Human interest stories Anecdotes
As I cycled down the trail, I heard children giggling and whooping just around the bend. I crested a small hill and coasted down the curving path until I found the source of the noise. Three little girls sat in the grass by a big oak tree. They were startled to see me, and I smiled kindly to put them at ease.
“Whatcha doing?” I asked.
“Nothing,” they chirped in unison.
In this passage, the author sets the scene on the bike trail from his or her own point of view (which is referred to as narrating in the first person ). Using both description and dialogue, the story that takes place is laid out in chronological order.
Understanding Your Purpose Empowers Your Writing
Simply puzzling out which of these four types of writing best suits your purpose and adhering to it can help you write more efficiently and effectively.
To summarize:
- Expository writing sets forth facts. You can find it in textbooks, journalism (except opinion or editorial articles), business writing, technical writing, essays, and instructions.
- Descriptive writing evokes images through rich description. You can find it in fiction, poetry, journal writing, and advertising.
- Persuasive writing aims to sway the reader toward the author’s point of view. It is used heavily in advertising, and can also be found in opinion and editorial pieces, reviews, and job applications.
- Narrative writing tells a story. It can be found in fiction, poetry, biographies, human interest stories, and anecdotes.
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What are the 5 types of writing?
Whether you write journals, autobiographies, poetry, reviews, or textbooks, understanding your purpose empowers your writing. Your writing style reflects your personality, how you present yourself to a specific audience, and your distinctiveness. Every writer aims to achieve different objectives with their writing: from describing places and personalities, to explaining the workings of something, or influencing people’s opinions. In the academic realm, these writing styles are described as modes of discourse. Nowadays, there are tools like a word counter that can also help you keep track of a piece’s length for a more effective delivery of your intended message.
If you keep focused on your goal, your writing will be at its finest. While there are numerous motivations for penning down your thoughts or tapping away on the computer, most students seek professional writing services due to lack of time and skills.
There are only five significant sorts of writing: Persuasive Writing, Descriptive Writing, Narrative Writing, Expository Writing, and Creative Writing. Other subcategories combine two or more styles of writing to form a new style. Suppose you want to pursue writing as a profession or just improve your writing abilities; you need to be familiar with at least a few distinct writing styles, such as Technical Writing, Objective Writing, and Subjective Writing.
It is therefore essential to identify each writing category to help you understand which one best resonates with your articles. The five writing styles are as discussed below:
1. Descriptive Writing
This type of writing describes characters, events, and places in a way that helps readers clearly visualize a particular scene. In a descriptive essay, scenarios are articulated through the five senses: touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Descriptive writers often have more artistic freedom compared to their expository compatriots. These writings are often poetic and detailed, moreso since they leverage on figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, and symbols. The context of descriptive writing is often emotional and is written from the persona. Descriptive writing can be found in journals, poetry, nature writing, advertising, fiction, and diary writing.
2. Expository Writing
Expository writing is perhaps the most subject-oriented style of writing, and it is the most common genre in literature. Here, authors don’t voice their opinions since the expository essay is mostly based on facts and relies very little on stories. This type of writing helps explain a particular issue in a process-like manner, providing a logical order of sequence. The workings of expository writing are achieved by including tables and charts to interpret essential data, while links, quotes, and captions are used to show data sources. If you are a tech-savvy person and you have been wondering how virtual reality works, then perhaps expository writing on the subject matter will help you get the right answer. This style of writing is used in textbooks, recipes, business writing, and “how-to” articles.
3. Persuasive Writing
Persuasive writing aims to convince a reader to agree with the writer’s opinions. Authors showcase their personal views, providing relevant evidence that influences the reader to agree with them. This type of writing is fashioned with reassuring arguments and justifications, and more often, the author presents their thoughts seeking the reader’s approval. At the end of persuasive writing, the reader is asked to act on a given situation. These calls to action can be, for instance, voting for a candidate in the upcoming elections. Unlike expository writing, which is meant to inform by stating facts, a persuasive essay is very selective when it comes to presenting facts while building its storyline.
This style of writing is used in advertisements, commercials, editorial pieces, letters of complaints, and recommendations. This is also applicable to reviews for music, videos, series, and books.
4. Narrative Writing
Narrative writing tells a story . The author creates real and imaginary characters, describes what happens to them, and puts themselves in the character’s shoes. Narratives are mostly life stories, and even distinct in them is the fact that they have plots and storylines with a beginning and an end. Narratives writing uses dialogue to depict situations such as conflicts, disputes, and even motivational events. It is also essential to know that the narrative style is much longer than descriptive writing but, in some instances, incorporates descriptive passages. An example of a narrative is as shown below:
“Ted and Faith’s families have hated each other for decades, but these two have fallen in love with each other despite the existing differences.”
This type of writing is found in all kinds of fiction stories, as well as novellas, anecdotes, oral histories, poetry, and autobiographies.
5. Creative Writing
Unlike essays that follow certain rules about structure and form, creative writing is all about exercising one’s imagination. Creative writing pieces are often thought-provoking, entertaining, and wholly engaging as you read. They may invoke a certain kind of emotion, inspire creativity, or are simply meant to express thoughts. Here, the writer has more freedom and flow, and is not necessarily obligated to follow a single structure or format. Creative writing encompasses both fiction and non-fiction stories. Biographies and playwriting also fall under the same category.
An understanding of the various writing styles will help you recognize the objective of an article. Such knowledge is a viable prerequisite to becoming a sharper reader and a stronger writer. As a writer, you will be able to write more effectively when you can appreciate the different types of writing by knowing how they portray your writing to its intended audience.
For more articles, visit OD Blog .
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Collins Education Associates
Collins writing program, five types of writing.
The Collins Writing Program is built around the Five Types of Writing. Through these five types the program delivers a unique, copyrighted approach to writing and thinking that is easy to manage and offers much more than the traditional writing process.
What Are the Five Types of Writing Used by the Collins Writing Program?
The Collins Writing Program distinguishes itself from others through its proprietary approach to writing. The Five Types of Writing offers five different ways to use writing, depending on the teacher’s goal, time available, and where students are in the learning process. It shows teachers how to guide their students through all five types of writing with practical, easy-to-use strategies and techniques that have shown to improve student writing.
The program especially emphasizes Type Three Writing where Focus Correction Areas are introduced and Type Four Writing where peer editing occurs. Type Four assignments provide students with opportunities to draft, edit, and receive meaningful feedback on their work−within manageable time limits.
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Learn about the major writing styles: narrative, descriptive, persuasive, expository, and creative, and read examples of each.
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The four main types of writing styles are persuasive, narrative, expository, and descriptive. In this blog post, we'll briefly explore the
The 5 Most Commonly Taught Writing Styles · A formal writing style, typically in the third person · Well-researched facts from reliable sources (
Main Types of Writing · Narrative Writing · Descriptive Writing · Persuasive Writing · Expository Writing.
1. Expository Writing · 2. Narrative Writing · 3. Persuasive Writing · 4. Descriptive Writing · 5. Technical Writing · 6. Diary Writing · 7. Business Writing · 8.
types of writing: expository, descriptive, persuasive, and narrative. ; types of writing skills. You may also have heard them referred to in an academic setting
1. Descriptive Writing · 2. Expository Writing · 3. Persuasive Writing · 4. Narrative Writing · 5. Creative Writing.
The Collins Writing Program is built around the Five Types of Writing. Through these five types the program delivers a unique, copyrighted approach.